Retailing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Retailing - Assignment Example Dynamic financial conditions have constrained the main retailers to reexamine the techniques identified with the showcasing channels. The changed modifying patterns in basic food item retailing have made different open doors for the providers and the producers. Concerning the serious market situation, the retailers have upheld certain techniques and propelled designs as respects to the consumers’ conduct (Memedovic, 2010). Organization Information Tesco is viewed as the probably the greatest retailer in the worldwide point of view. In the year 1997, it had built up itself as the one of the noticeable and confided in names in the field of basic food item retail. Tesco speaks to the biggest online basic food item business; it focuses on its clients based on buy conduct. The open doors gave by Tesco inside the sites encourage to meet the necessity of its objective purchasers including the more youthful crowd just as the rich family crowd (Datamonitor, 2004). J Sainsbury plc speak s to the parent just as the host organization of Sainsbury’s Supermarkets Ltd. It speaks to the third biggest general store chain inside the United Kingdom. It has actualized and executed certain techniques alongside plans that guarantee the supportability inside the serious market situation. Sainsbury’s vision is to be a confided in retailer (Irish Food Board, 2011). As per the retailing business, the goal of the investigation is to thoroughly analyze among Tesco and Sainsbury concerning their exhibition in different territories. The individual regions incorporate store position, store configuration, publicizing and advancements, client division and multi-channel stage. In this examination, Mehrabian and Russell's methodology shirking model will be applied. This model speaks with the impacts of the store condition upon the purchaser conduct. As per Mehrabian and Russell's methodology shirking model, it has been additionally uncovered that it lays accentuation upon non verbal reactions identified with natural factors that go about as a significant determinant of progress in conduct. Examination and Contrast of Tesco and Sainsbury’s Performance Store Format The store arrangement of an association has significant effect on the buying choices. In a few occurrences, store air, inside structure and in general store condition decide the response of clients as for item buy and utilization. The store condition contains certain signs, messages and recommendations to the clients. It can upgrade the positive inclination and direct the foreseen customer conduct, for example, high tendency to buy or longer an ideal opportunity to remain in retail location (Gilboa and Rafaeli, 2002). Store air is a fundamental segment of picture of an association. For a few retailers, viewpoints, for example, store format, shading, lighting and music among others help to impact the purchasing conduct of clients. They decide the determination of clients about the store to belittle. Nonetheless, since the

Strategic Plan, Part II: SWOTT Analysis

Applying the SHOOT to Pewter's Accounting Services will help recognize financial, legitimate, administrative powers that influence business. This examination won't just permit the business to Identify quality yet shortcomings In Its Industry. Understanding the shortcomings of the business will likewise permit to methodologies for various opportunities.By recognizing dangers and patterns we can make striking forecasts to make the most of chances and changes before they happen as expected. We will recognize seven unique powers and patterns that influence business. Financial Economic patterns assume a significant job in all organizations. This is a main consideration that a bookkeeping administrations business should power to make forecasts and modifications. In light of patterns the organization may envision recruiting pretty much workers. A positive quality for Peters Accounting Services is that paying little heed to a fortunate or unfortunate financial year people despite everything need to record state and administrative taxes.Business will at present ay quarterly assessments and need assistance with accounting just as yearly documenting of duties for the state and central government also. Dangers of a poor economy can tend to not affect this industry an excess of in light of the fact that it is a consistent need. An open door for this business lies during a financial rise new organizations are being made importance the requirement for a bookkeeping administrations will be utilized as often as possible. Having the option to offer all year administrations will help battle the Idea of occasional work that assessment gets ready and advisors need to contend with.Legal and Regulatory In request to be a trustworthy organization the Pewter's Accounting Services ought to be joked with Certified Public Accountants. A CPA is an Individual who has set aside the effort to take a progression of four thorough tests that must be finished in a 18-month time span (CPA Review, 2013). Bookkeepers can don't need to be Spa's however there is an additional appeal and makes your data legitimate contrasted with the last mentioned. Bookkeepers are required to take 20 hours of proceeded with instruction, which Is likewise alluded to as CE attributes this permits them to remain refreshed on new laws and guidelines for the up and coming year (CPA Review, 2013).Despite the prerequisite this isn't sufficient time for a person to assemble and hold a great part of the data. A ton of time and hours with the association should be committed to guarantee that all people helping in recording charges is exceptional. Gracefully Chain and Technology Pewter's Accounting Services should exploit new innovation accessible to a mass market. This outside factor can be viewed as both a quality and shortcoming. There is one main consideration that increases a bookkeeping administrations business.During charge 1 OFF referrals and systems administration endeavors consistently. During th is time the organization can intrigue new customers and existing customers by giving the freshest or most effective bookkeeping programming to enable the clients to record their duties electronically. The bookkeeping administrations will likewise give its clients get to remotely by means of a made sure about online webpage giving the customers access to their money related data from anyplace on the planet. This can give issues of security since we are managing touchy data that can be utilized in a noxious manner if intercepted.Adjusting to Change and Competitive examination Pewter's Accounting Services will have its home office in the San Fernando Valley. A speedy cry search of bookkeepers close to the North Hollywood territory gives a rundown of 109 efferent organizations that offer bookkeeping administrations (Yelp, 2014). The last registration of North Hollywood assessed that there was more than 160 thousand living arrangement, which has just developed over the most recent 10 yea rs. Regardless of the enormous number of rivalry in the region there are a lot of customers to go around particularly when there are new grown-ups entering the workforce consistently. Dealing with referrals will be our strength.Individuals and entrepreneur will in general allude a decent CPA whenever the situation allows. Regular business can be lost to combinations like H and R Block who represent considerable authority in short structure charge arrangements at significant expenses. They anyway have enormous promotion dollars that will require us to consider some fresh possibilities to get business. They get ready duties for 1 in each 7 recorded returns in the United States (H and R Block, 2013). This prompts remaining serious not really with H and R Block however with other single proprietor or association workplaces and that is by having our duty gets ready experience the preparation gave by H and R Block.This will surrender us to date professional and patterns with the business while additionally permitting us to make alterations to our own systems. Procedure Internal components will incorporate an organized methodology for the organization. The quality of system will be more control of everyday activities. The starting stage will be comprise of building a demographic base by Joining the Los Angels Latino Chamber of Commerce alongside different associations in the region. This will help construct the notoriety for the firm. Keeping the staff little will be an unquestionable requirement to keep overhead low.Location won't be modest yet will be an essential insidiousness when attempting to pull in stroll in business. Evaluating will be key too. The organization can't cost excessively low or excessively high. The organizations' drawn out arrangement is to likewise higher authorized agents that can offer money related guidance too. This period of the methodology will help acquire more trust in the network just as construct piece of the pie by reinvesting clien ts government forms and furthermore offering charge directly off by setting up singular retirement accounts. Procedures and frameworks In request to hold and increment the client base follow up process should be in place.Email's, Addresses, and telephone number records should be kept up and cleaned before outbound calls are made by the phone customer insurance act on the off chance that we are making deals calls (FCC, 2014). The vast majority of our outbound calls will are that will be received by the organization to champion from different organizations. Our frameworks will likewise have updates and will likewise convey messages occasionally to give our clients industry refreshes. The frameworks for inward control will all need secret phrase checks to see client data.Accessing of this information will guarantee that we can guard client data to help battle fraud. Objectives Accounting is a truly steady type of acquiring a living. The objective for Pewter's Accounting Service is to t urn into a pioneer in the network. Enduring the main couple of years won't be simple, yet consistency pays off at long last. Perceivability will be significant as people run towards others that have any kind of effect and are available. Notwithstanding the treat of losing clients it is inescapable to endure weakening, yet remaining in front of market patterns will be required to stay away from immense plunges in production.Branching out to being something beyond an occasional assistance will likewise be vital. Employing Spa's and bookkeepers that can help with other every day exercises like finance, accounting, and exhorting will help acquire salary all year. End The SHOOT investigation helped with distinguishing key destinations and obstructions that another business can confront, yet over come. The specialty of arranging can't be downplayed as we deiced there is inward and outside elements that sway business. Impression of the world around the business is a key part of this examin ation. Key Plan, Part II: SWOTT Analysis Applying the SHOOT to Pewter's Accounting Services will help recognize financial, legitimate, administrative powers that influence business. This investigation won't just permit the business to Identify quality however shortcomings In Its Industry. Understanding the shortcomings of the business will likewise permit to techniques for various opportunities.By distinguishing dangers and patterns we can make striking forecasts to make the most of chances and changes before they work out as intended. We will recognize seven unique powers and patterns that influence business. Financial Economic patterns assume a significant job in all organizations. This is a central point that a bookkeeping administrations business should power to make forecasts and changes. In light of patterns the organization may foresee recruiting pretty much workers. A positive quality for Peters Accounting Services is that paying little heed to a fortunate or unfortunate monetary year people despite everything need to record state and bureaucratic taxes.Business will in any case ay quarterly assessments and need assistance with accounting just as yearly documenting of expenses for the state and central government also. Dangers of a poor economy can tend to not affect this industry an excess of on the grounds that it is a steady need. An open door for this business lies during a monetary rise new organizations are being made significance the requirement for a bookkeeping administrations will be utilized much of the time. Having the option to offer all year administrations will help battle the Idea of occasional work that expense gets ready and experts need to contend with.Legal and Regulatory In request to be a legitimate organization the Pewter's Accounting Services ought to be joked with Certified Public Accountants. A CPA is an Individual who has set aside the effort to take a progression of four thorough tests that must be finished in a 18-month time frame (CPA Review, 2013). Bookkeepers ca n don't need to be Spa's however there is an additional appeal and makes your data legitimate contrasted with the last mentioned. Bookkeepers are required to take 20 hours of proceeded with instruction, which Is likewise alluded to as CE attributes this permits them to remain refreshed on new laws and guidelines for the up and coming year (CPA Review, 2013).Despite the necessity this isn't sufficient time for a person to accumulate and hold a great part of the data. A ton of time and hours with the association should be devoted to guarantee that all people helping in recording charges is forward-thinking. Flexibly Chain and Technology Pewter's Accounting Services should exploit new innovation accessible to a mass market. This outside factor can be viewed as both a quality and shortcoming. There is one main consideration that increases an

How to Help Your Child Understand Their ADHD Diagnosis

How to Help Your Child Understand Their ADHD Diagnosis ADHD Diagnosis Print How to Help Your Child Understand Their ADHD Diagnosis By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 18, 2018 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Blend Images/KidStock/Brand X Pictures / Getty Images Explaining ADHD to your child after she has been diagnosed can help remove the mystery surrounding the struggles she knows shes been having. It can also help a child feel a greater sense of control. Though parents sometimes worry about their child being labeled, it is much worse for a child to feel that they are “stupid” or “lazy”â€"feelings often felt by kids with ADHD who dont quite understand why they are different from their peers. Understanding what ADHD is helps to remove these types of negative labels. It demystifies what has been going on and provides a clearer understanding to a child. ADHD has nothing to do with intelligence or laziness; it is a medical condition that requires interventions and treatment just like nearsightedness or hearing loss does. How do you go about explaining ADHD to a child? Where do you begin? Team Up With Your Doctor Learning about ADHD may be a process for parents, as well as children. Often when a child is first diagnosed, it is helpful to sit down together with the doctor to discuss the diagnosis. You and your child can ask questions and the doctor can provide accurate information. Be Positive in Your Approach Your approach is very important. Be positive, matter-of-fact, and comfortable in your conversation. Now that you are aware of what has been causing the inattention, trouble focusing on one thing at a time, difficulty sitting still, and the like, you can begin to address the issues more effectively. Knowledge is a good thing. If you don’t know the answers to questions your child is asking, let him or her know you are learning together and can find answers together. Tailor your responses to the age of your child. A very young child may not need or want quite as much detail as a teenager. Identify Strengths and Develop Strategies to Address Weakness Everyone has strengths and weaknesses. No one is good at everything. Focus on helping your child identify his or her areas of strength and interest, and develop strategies for dealing with and minimizing the areas that cause greater difficulty. Books, Books, Books There are many books available that help children to understand more about ADHD. Read the books  together, or if your child is older and prefers to read them alone, be supportive by giving her the space to do this. Positive Role Models ADHD is thought to have a strong genetic influence, so chances are that if your child has ADHD, someone else in your family may as well. Perhaps even you or your child’s other parent does. Talk openly about this with a positive attitude and outlook. Let your child know she is not alone. Talk about other successful people who also have ADHDâ€"business entrepreneurs, doctors, writers, artists, actors, athletes. With your help, your child will begin to understand that ADHD is just a small part of the wonderful person that she is.

Aneurysms - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 694 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/24 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? To begin with, the word aneurysm derives from the Latin word â€Å"aneurysma. † In Latin â€Å"aneurysma† means dilation and dilation means that act of expanding. From this, it is easier to figure out what an aneurysm really is. The definition of the English word aneurysm means, blood-filled dilation of a blood vessel. There are several different types of aneurysm, but this report will only cover a cerebral one. Intracranial aneurysms are classified as dissecting, saccular, and fusiform. There are many causes of intracranial aneurysms. Some of the most common causes would include fibromuscular dysphasia, atherosclerosis, and arteriovenous malformation. Some that are less common, but do occur would include drugs, infection, and trauma. Dissecting aneurysms occur when blood enters a vessel wall through a rupture in the intima, which is the inner lining of vein or artery. The damage in dissecting aneurysms varies greatly depending on the damage it has already ca used. These are the weakest aneurysms, because they don’t leave the premises of the parent vessel. There are cases were dissecting aneurysms cause great damage, but it is highly unlikely. Aneurysms that fall into this category are mostly caused by trauma to the head. Most of the time when this occurs damage is caused to the extracranial region of the brain. These are the rarest among all the other aneurysms and only would be caused by a severe head injury. Fusiform aneurysms are also called atherosclerotic aneurysms, because of the condition atherosclerosis, which is when plaque builds up in the artery walls. Fusiform aneurysm effect mostly the older population. The effects usually pertain to the vertebrobasilar system, which is the system the contains vertebral and basilar arteries. The aneurysm itself effects the tissues of the brain stem. A rupture may cause a brainstem infarction, in which tissues of the stem are destroyed. That causes the midbrain, medulla and the pons to shut down. Fustiform aneurysm are severe and most likely to be fatal if not identified. They are easily found, because the cause severe erosion at the base of the cranium. Saccular aneurysms are the most common and are easily identified because of the berrylike sacs on the veins or arteries. They are caused by weakness in the vessel wall layers. The sac itself grows from the intima and adventitia of an vessel. When this occurs abnormal hemodynamic pressure on the cerebral arteries causes rupture. Saccular aneurysm can be caused by infections, tumors, or drugs. Aneurysms occur to people in their early forties to their late fifties. Most aneurysms occur to people that are around age sixty. Intracranial aneurysms are rare to children and only account for 2% of the total aneurysms. The younger the patient with an intracranial aneurysm the larger the sac. Location is a big part in classifying the type of aneurysm. About 86. 5% of all intracranial aneurysms occurs in the car otid region. The pieces all fall to place when using the Hunt and Hess scale, which measures the current status of the expansion. There is a grade 0 to grade 5 scale. Zero is a non ruptured aneurysm and 5 is basically the point were there is not much doctors can do to make the patient live. Vasospasm is the term used when a constriction of a vein or artery occurs. It is also the cause of death when an aneurysm occurs. More than 50% of all surviving patients that get an intracranial aneurysm have neurological defects. Treatment is wonderful when treating intracranial aneurysm. The most common approach is surgery, because blood clots can occur and stop the circulation in the brain. First the surgeon must remove a small portion of the skull and the starts to spread the brain tissues then cuts off circulation in the aneurysm with a tiny clip. Then the procedure is over when the brain tissues are put back into place and the cranial bone is put back. Another type of surgery to preve nt a rupture involves a small plastic tube that is inserted into the femoral artery. The tube goes through the vascular system into the head and finally into the aneurysm. Then coils are tightened around the aneurysm to prevent rupture. More than 125,000 people have had this procedure worldwide. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Aneurysms" essay for you Create order

Body Modification And Its Effects On Society - 1791 Words

Imagine a young woman sitting in a chair, waiting for the artist to come in. She looks around the room, noticing the various designs on the walls. She thinks about what she asked for; does she really want a flower permanently drawn on her shoulder blade? What if someone sees it? Will her friends and family see her differently once she gets it? What would her boss think? After this she plans on getting a few piercings too, but she does not want people to think she is a thug. She is thinking these things because of stigma she has heard against people with body modifications. Society forms unfair biases professionally, religiously, and generally against people who choose to modify their bodies in ways seen as untraditional. First, to understand why others are uncomfortable with body modification, one should try to understand the process. Tattoos, as they vary in size and complexity, can take a few minutes to several hours. It is a painful process, as the gun is repeatedly puncturing the second layer of the skin, the vein-filled dermis, with needles dipped in ink (Levy 4). Piercings have a similar process, but instead of continuously poking people with several needles, a single puncture wound is made through the skin and a piece of jewelry is slipped in. Throughout both of these processes, sterile tools should be used, the artist should wash his or her hands and wear gloves, and the wounds should be cleansed and later bandaged if necessary (Sawyer 13, 22). If the proper stepsShow MoreRelatedShould Body Modifications Be Allowed?1226 Words   |  5 Pageslimitations as to which occupation they have because modifications do not harm customers or others, they are people who need jobs like the rest of us, and it is unfair. Often, when most people hear the words â€Å"body modifications† they think about the huge plates in people’s ears or lips. Most people fail to realize that body modifications can be as simple as tanning, dieting, or more drastic, plast ic surgery. As society develops, body modifications such as tattooing, hair color, and stretched ears areRead MoreBody Modification for Cultural Adaptation? Essay1277 Words   |  6 PagesHow should I look like to have the ideal body? An increasing number of women ask themselves this question many times in their lives. Deborah Sullivan’s essay, â€Å"Social Bodies: Tightening the Bonds of Beauty†, discloses the different cultural traditions that require various methods of body modifications. Women should undergo such modifications to obtain social acceptance. Similarly, â€Å"Pressures to Conform† by Celia Milne discusses the effects of media and society on women, and how women view their physicalRead MoreBody Modifications Are An Example Of External Cues1533 Words   |  7 Pagesand/or lifestyle. Body modifications are an example of external cues that are associated with a wide range of psychological judgments, specifically tattoos and piercings. As tattoos and piercings have become increasingly commonplace, the perception of this particular type of self-expression has gradually changed from very negative to a more positive perception. Despite this, I believe that many people still mentally hold on to the association between deviance and body modifications, even though peopleRead MoreIdeal Body Types in Hong Kong Essay1541 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Topic: What are the ideal body types for men and women in Hong Kong society? In what ways are these body types perpetuated through mass media, technology, and medicine? According to Bartky (1999), is body modification a form of self-empowerment or self-punishment? Introduction Human body is one of the elements used to assess the attractiveness of a person. Since the aesthetics theory varies in different countries and regions due to different history and cultural background, the descriptionRead MoreFreedom of Self- Expression: Tattoos and Body Piercings at 16 Should be Permitted1232 Words   |  5 Pageschildren should have permission to get tattoos and body piercings. I believe that teens should have the authority to get them on our own. The current Texas law states that any person under the age of 18 must have parental permission before getting a tattoo or any body piercing. Identification is required to verify the persons age. I feel that by the age of 16, any student should have the authority to express themselves in a way such as tattoos and body piercings. There are various aspects throughRead MoreBody Piercings And Its Impact On Society1665 Words   |  7 PagesCaesar. As body piercings become increasingly popular in modern culture, it has brought many researchers to the realization that this trend is a tragic insight into an individual’s psyche as well as their physical being and opportunities in the workplace even though it’s seen as a way to express one’s self. Socially and economically, body piercings, among other forms of body modifications, have not only benefited individuals but may also be quickly destroying them. Historically, body piercings haveRead MoreIncredible Scientifical Advancments in the Movie Gattaca 640 Words   |  3 Pagesgenetically based society in a scientifically advance world that twirls around the main idea and concept about genetic engineering to produce flawless genetics for a parent’s child. This main focus is shown upon Anton and his brother Vincent. Vincent, being the first born between Anton and him, gave the doctors an idea of what is going to happen in the future for Vincent based off of genetics and also gives parents the opportunity to make a flawless child base off of Vincent’s DNA as this society wants onlyRead MorePros And Cons Of Genetically Modified Food1421 Words   |  6 PagesFood, we need it to survive and thrive. Food is our source of nutrition and energy. When we consume food and water, our body breaks food down into tiny particles and sends the nutrients throughout our bodies through blood. This is called digestion. According to science , nutrients are one of the four requirements of life for all human beings. Every day, we are faced with choices about our foods. Do we eat fast food, healthy, organic or non-organic? Should we eat genetically modified foods and howRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmos )1405 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieve that organic practices provide the best quality food. Others consider genetic modification to be the most beneficial by allowing farmers to produce more crops with the same amount or even less space. The fact is, Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) are in almost everything we consume. They benefit our society by providing more food, while using less energy and less space to do so. Genetic modification has been practiced for thousands of years, but most know it as selective breeding. ThisRead MoreBody Mods Are Civil Disobedience Essay752 Words   |  4 Pagesadopt the â€Å"natural look† and dont adorn our skin at all, we are making a social statement. Our skin talks even when we dont; it is not a neutral canvas.† (Jablonski, 164) â€Å"Body art represents, among other things, a sustained effort to reverse the dematerialization of art by making the body matter.† (Taylor, 111) Body painting was likely the first way in which the human animal adorned itself and attempted to express its individual status amongst the species. Long before the tools were invented

Women and Depression Understanding the Gender Gap Free Essays

Depression, if gets too severe becomes bad for a person. It not only affects the person himself but it also affects that person’s family also affecting his work or school as well as personal life and his sleeping and eating habits as well. Depression also affects the well being of a person in a way that it leads to chronic medical conditions like diabetics. We will write a custom essay sample on Women and Depression: Understanding the Gender Gap or any similar topic only for you Order Now Women usually think that they can work through a depression on their own, knowing this fact that they suffer from depression more frequently than men do. They may get the wrong idea that the low risk related with medication management of depression, they may also believe that since they are smart diligent people an analyst or psychologist will be of no aid; these wrong beliefs are, regrettably very common. Sometimes medications for depression may have irritating side effects, such as insomnia, agitation, or sleepiness, but grave effects are very odd. Women with a true depression are suffering, such inconvenient, non-life intimidating side effects, which may diminish soon, nevertheless, are likely to be much more bearable than untreated depression for a lot of women. Repeatedly studies have revealed that either counseling or medication therapy, or both mutually, are really useful in securely relieving depression in both men and women. Biological factors behind depression for women There come into view to be significant links between mood changes and reproductive health events, gender differences in toll of depression emerge when females go through puberty and stay high throughout the childbearing years and into late middle period. Hormonal factors appear to play a function in some of the mood disturbance practiced by women, twenty to forty percent of menstruating women practice premenstrual temper and behavioral changes. Approximately two to ten percent of women experience Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder, as several as ten to fifteen percent of women experience a clinical depression throughout pregnancy or subsequent to the birth of a baby. There also come into view to be an increase in depression during the perimenopausal period. An additional biological issue that may add to gender differences in depression can be connected to circadian rhythm patterns, the complex structure that regulates sleep and action over each 24-hour period. Depressed women report more hypersomnia (too much sleeping) than do men. The role of premenstrual factors in depression Hormonal fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle can cause the common symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), for instance irritability, fatigue, bloating and emotional reactivity. For most of the women, PMS is easygoing, but for a number of women, symptoms are harsh enough to upset their lives and a diagnosis of premenstrual dysphoric chaos (PMDD) is made. Though the precise relation among depression and premenstrual syndrome remains vague, some examines say that cyclical modifications in progesterone, estrogen and additional hormones can upset the role of brain chemicals for instance serotonin that manage mood. Still, since such hormonal changes take place in the majority of women, but not all women build up depression, hormonal changes can’t be the merely reason of depression in women. Genetic predisposition or other issues also can manipulate the development of depression. Postpartum depression Depression subsequent to childbirth is known as postpartum depression, hormonal changes may activate symptoms of postpartum depression, while a woman is pregnant, stages of the female hormones estrogen and progesterone boosts greatly. In the initial 24 hours following childbirth, hormone levels rapidly return to standard. Researchers believe the huge change in hormone levels may direct to depression. Levels of thyroid hormones can also fall after giving birth, which causes symptoms of depression. Role of perimenopause and menopause in a woman’s depression Perimenopause is the middle period earlier than menopause, which is marked by a twelve month’s termination of a woman’s menstrual cycle, throughout perimenopause, hormones change radically and few women feel an alteration in mood, anxiety and depression. Throughout this phase of transition, women start thinking about their achievements up to this point, women frequently view this time as a turning end, not only are perimenopausa l women examining their life thus far, they are practicing hormonal changes that are influencing them physically. Negative and positive role of social and cultural factors in a woman’s depression Role strain – Women frequently undergo role strain over contradictory and irresistible responsibilities in their life, the additional roles a woman is expected to play (mother, wife, working woman), the extra vulnerable she is to role strain and following stress and depression. Research specifies that single mothers are three times more probable than married mothers to practice an episode of main depression. Costello, 1993). Unequal power and status – Women’s comparative lack of power and position in society may direct to feelings of helplessness, this sense of helplessness puts women at larger risk for depression, and these feelings may be aggravated by discrimination in the place of work leading to underemployment or being without a job. An additional causal factor is society’s importance on youth, beauty, and thinness in women, traits which to a great level are out of their control. Sexual and physical abuse – Women are a lot more likely to be sexually abused than men, and researchers have found that sexual abuse in childhood puts one at enlarged risk for depression in maturity. Higher rates of depression are also found among sufferers of rape. Poverty – Poverty is more general among women than men, single mothers have the uppermost rates of poverty transversely all demographic groups. Poverty is a harsh, chronic stressor than can direct to depression. The positive affects of depression are that when the women have to live with less, they eventually learn to live with it and when they do not have a job, they will have more free time to spend with the family and friends. Moreover, it is good as it always gives way to struggle and makes art and music better. How does one go about getting treatment? Make healthy lifestyle changes Lifestyle alterations are never easy to make, but if altered can have a big impact on depression, self-help strategies that can be very effectual comprise: ? develop helpful relationships ? regular exercise and sufficient sleep Healthy, mood-boosting diet ? Stress management and practice relaxation methods ? confront negative thought patterns Seek professional help Professional help contains some form of therapy that gives tools to handle depression from a diversity of angles, a number of therapies teach practical techniques on how to reframe negative thoughts and employ behavioral abilities in fighting depre ssion can also assist working out through the origin of depression, helping understand why he or she feels a certain way, what triggers are for depression, and what he or she can do to stay healthy. Do you think women are more likely to seek out treatment? Why or why not? Women, first and foremost wives and daughters, provide the bulk of care giving, specifically in the United States, about 12 million women practice depression each year, at about twice the pace of men. A recent study found that many women do not look for treatment for depression since they are embarrassed or in refutation about being depressed, in fact, forty one percent of women reviewed cited embarrassment or disgrace as obstruction to treatment. What do you think it means to be a woman? Being female has nothing to act with being lesser or second class; it has to do with execution in a God-ordained role, from the commencement, God tells us that women, like men, were formed in His image and likeness, but as both sexes are equivalent in significance and potential, their roles are very diverse. That’s the reason why men and women think and act in a different way and that is why they look unlike. â€Å"It is not fine that the man should be unaccompanied; I will make him a help meet for him†. Manonly was not an entire creation, he needed aid, so God gave him a helpmeet, one who would execute the contrary role – so that united together the two might turn into one complete flesh. How to cite Women and Depression: Understanding the Gender Gap, Papers

Unequal income distribution in USA Essay Example For Students

Unequal income distribution in USA Essay Unequal Income Distribution in the U.S.A. In recent years, increasing inequality in the distribution of income has been a subject of considerable public concern, political attention, and academic research. Income inequality is a measure of how equally the income pie is divided among all members of society. The relative income, or gauge, can be defined how well the poor are doing economically compared to the rich. In other words inequality is a measure of how equally the income pie is divided among all members of society. According to Paul Ryscavage in Income Inequality in America, income is influenced by several social, economic, and demographic factors. Occupation, industry of employment and source of income represent the economic factors. The main social factors are household composition, education level, and education quality. Finally, age, sex, and race compose the demographic factors (15). Socio-economic diversity can be a clean representation of how well income is distributed among social groups. In an ideal society th e majority of households should have incomes above the cost of basic needs to create a well-balanced economy.Therefore, the foundation of economic success is based largely on this distribution providing a strong middle class that can support the economy and no extreme income gap between rich and poor guarantees economic stability. On the other hand inequitable income distribution may not only lead to economic problems, but also social problems. In Created Unequal, Peter Galbraith believes that income distribution analysis shows that the gap widens more and more between social groups and creates problems (3). These problems can damage the developing process of a society, thus finding solutions to create a well-balanced income distribution is essential for present governments. We will write a custom essay on Unequal income distribution in USA specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Through the historical review of the background of the issue of income distribution one can present possible solutions to help maintain good economic development and stable society. The solutions presented are the reform of welfare system, progressive taxation and an increase in minimal wages. John Borland points out in Fear of Falling that the income gap has been steadily increasing since the postwar era. Currently the income inequality is at its highest level ever (1). US Bureau of Census indicates that an increase of 4.7 % of the total income allocated at the top 5 %, while the lowest quintile had a decrease of 1.2% of the total income held between 1970 and 1996 (473). Fig 1. U.S. Distribution of Income in 1997; rpt. in Rector and Hederman (2). It is evident from the above graph that the most current data shows that top quintile holds 49.4% of the total income in the U.S.A. while the bottom quintile holds only 3.6%. The graph is somewhat misleading because the bottom and the top quintiles do not really represent the 20% of the population. Through research Rector and Hederman in Income Inequality: How Census Data Misrepresent income distribution state that Indeed, in reality the top Census quintile contains not 20 percent of the population but 24.3 percent, while the bottom quintile contains only 14.8 percent of the population (4-5). The historical overview of income distribution from 1945 until today could be divided into three distinct periods: 1945-73, 1973-81, and 1981-89. The first period represents what is called the good years, the great postwar boom generations. This period, from 1945-73 shows what real, broad-based prosperity looks like. On e of the main reasons why income distribution decently increased for middle class during this period was the reconstruction of US after WW II, and rapid and constant economical growth. The employment rate reached peak during this period, where well educated people, high school and up, were earning very good wages. The government was keeping interest rates very low, and that encouraged many corporations and private businesses to invest money and strengthen the economy that way (Galbraith 10). William Niskaken indicates in Reaganomics: An Insiders Account of the Policies and the People that the second period, between 1973-79, showed a major slow down in income growth as the economy was battered by slow productivity growth and oil shocks (7). Basically the 1973 oil shock was the confluence of independent political and economic factors. Finally, a new pattern emerged after 1981: generally slower income growth, but in particular, a strong tilt in the growth pattern, with incomes rising much faster at the top end of the distribution than in the middle, and actually declining at the bottom. All these changes in economy did not happen by accident. As we know, this period is symbolized by Reagans presidency, so its called Reaganomics. Reagan proposed a recovery plan including budget reform plan, tax cuts, regulatory relief and currency stabilization program (Niskaken 4). Beside the fact that Reagans economical policy had significant influence on inflation, economical growth and d efense development, lower classes were the ones that paid the cost. The upper class benefited the most from the political tools used by Reagan, separating itself even more from the neglected lower class (Niskanen 265). .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c , .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c .postImageUrl , .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c , .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c:hover , .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c:visited , .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c:active { border:0!important; } .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c:active , .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Proposing A Solution EssayThere are many possible solutions for the income distribution problem that would change current situation and hopefully improve living standards of lower class. Currently, income distribution in the United States is really unequal, and what government is doing is not enough to make descent changes that would improve standard of living of the lower classes. Three main solutions that are proposed nowadays are reformation of welfare programs, progressive taxation, and increase of minimum wages. Welfare is one of the tools used to help out the lower class. Bill Clinton, during his presidency made descent increases for this fund, but that does not seem to help at all. In Money: Who Has How Much And Why, Andrew Hacker reports that poor, which are receivers of welfare, are mainly families with single mothers, single women and city dwellers (62). Therefore, welfare should be targeted toward those three groups. Some people might argue that the recipients of welfare are never going to make any progress in society. Ryscavage believes that providing welfare to the poor creates a vicious cycle where recipients become so dependant of welfare they are never going to make it on their own (109). Welfare provides help for the poor to survive but not to bring them out from poverty. In order to achieve that welfare needs to be restructured. The main plan for welfare reconstruction comes from the proposal of welfare privatization. Joel Nelson illustrates in Post-Industrial Capitalism that privatization of welfare would cut the cost of welfare allowing the business to grow more easily (138). Privatization of welfare would increase the efficiency of welfare because of rules of free market. The two main forces of free market, competition and bidding, serve to reduce cost and to increase flexibility, at least in comparison with somewhat lengthy bureaucratic processes common to governmental institutions. Ryscavage shows that increased spending on the welfare has a direct effect of on income distribution (176-177). Privatization is seen as an efficient response to the problems of supplying welfare services at a cost consistent with consumer demand solving the fiscal difficulties of the welfare state. The issue that arises with privatization of welfare is giving control to profit-driven market. The government is not going to al low that in near future so the problem of unequal income distribution calls for solution that can be used immediately. In order to deal with income inequality government has been using progressive taxation and targeted tax cuts. Progressive taxation is way of taxing people depending on their income level, where increase in tax percentage withdrawn from their incomes is made according to the amount of their wages and salaries. The goal of progressive taxation is to reduce the income gap between rich and poor by reducing taxes for the lower class. Borland explains that boundaries of social classes are really hard to define (2). Therefore progressive taxation may not fulfill the needs of some families/individuals on the boundary of low and middle class. Several steps may be undertaken by the government to make progressive taxation more efficient. Through various examples Hacker shows that putting a ceiling on the income can balance the income distribution very effectively. Putting a ceiling means limiting the maximum income of a family/individual and distributing the excess amount earned over the programs and services used to help the lower class (55-56). This method of progressive taxation is very effective but it would create turmoil in the upper class. Another way of affecting the income distribution is through tax cuts for businesses. By reducing the amount of money taken for taxes, businesses have more capital left over for future investment. According to Niskaken more capital would result in growth of the business, generating more jobs. Therefore, more people would be able to generate income (54). .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810 , .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810 .postImageUrl , .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810 , .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810:hover , .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810:visited , .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810:active { border:0!important; } .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810:active , .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810 .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The dress code EssayMinimum wages reflect the income level of the lower class. Galbraith claims the increase in the minimum wages would reduce the income gap between rich and poor (145). Solution of increase of wages for working class could be understood as a chain reaction, where one step would pull another. First step would be to increase wages for lower working class. This approach would cause direct increase in the purchasing power of this class. The purchasing power would allow the lower working class buying more goods and services, which would directly increase the economic growth. Government has already taken steps in increasing the minimum wages but Hacker and Ferguson agree that minimum wage is still too low to generate income above the poverty line (230; 5). Wages have a major impact on income distribution. Economists and politicians acknowledge the fact that low wages increase the poverty. Ryscavage explains that in order to defeat the poverty, government has to increase the minimum wage (88). The involvement of government is essential because of the competitive market. Corporations have to cut down in production costs and usually pay the minimum for labor and never take the initiative to increase the wages on their own. Unequal income distribution has been present in the American society for a long time creating social and economic problems. In order to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor in the U.S.A., some radical changes have to be done with minimum wages, taxation methods and welfare programs. First of all, it is very important to increase salaries for lower class workers. Second thing would be to make changes in progressive taxation, where richer people would pay more taxes, and lower classes would have descent decrease in amount that they are supposed to pay. Third solution is increase in welfare funds, where government would make lives of lower class people much easier. As I can conclude, there is no one solution that would work the best. In order to make income distribution shift, the best thing to do is to integrate these three methods together and come out with perfect solution for this problem. Bibliography:Works CitedBorland, John. Fear of Falling. California Journal pp. 16+ Aug . 1996. SIRS Researcher. Bluffton College. 28 Feb. 2000 . Ferguson, Brian. Income Inequality and Educational Inequity. Galbraith, James K. Created Unequal: The Crisis in American Pay. New York, The FreePress, 1998. Hacker, Andrew Money: Who Has How Much and Why. New York, SCRIBNER, 1997. Kolko, Gabriel. Wealth and power in America ; an analysis of social class and incomedistribution. New York, Praeger, 1962. Nelson, Joel L. Post-Industrial Capitalism: Exploring Economic Inequality in America. Thousand Oaks, SAGE Publications Inc., 1995Niskaken , William A. Reaganomics: An Insiders Account of the Policies and thePeople. New York, Oxford University Press Inc., 1988. Rector, Robert and Hederman, Rea. Income Inequality: How Census Data Misrepresent Income Distribution. 29 Sept. 1999. Online Posting. The HeritageCenter for Data Analysis. No. 99-07. 12 Nov. 2000Ryscavage, Paul. Income Inequality in America: An Analysis of Trends. Armonk, M.E. Sharpe, Inc. 1999. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1998 (118thedition). Washigton, DC, 1998.

Free Essays on Political History And Corruption In Macbeth

To understand many of William Shakespeare’s plays, one must understand the history of the time period. A.L. Rowse gives a history of William Shakespeare’s time, the late sixteenth to the early seventeenth century and how the government of the time was authoritarian but popular. The person of the Monarch (derived from the Greek â€Å"monorchia†, the rule of one), the Crown, was something even the lowest character could understand. The monarchs have many different titles, including king, queens, sultan, emperors, empresses, tsars, and kaisers, depending on the type of governments and the location of the state he or she rules. Oftentimes, the monarch was based on the need for a strong ruler who could gather the countries best men to form and command a military that was used to defend the country. The monarch was absolute and only responsible to God and was considered to be God's representative in all worldly and royal matters. A strong central government was needed to maintain order and provided a stable atmosphere in which trade could flourish. Productive leadership qualities were very noticeable in Henry the VIII, and even more so in his daughter, Elizabeth (Rowse 226-263). Furthermore, â€Å"There is no doubt that she regarded herself as appointed by God to rule over her subjects† (Rowse 264). Henry the VIII inherited a kingdom from Henry the VII which lacked natural recourses yet it was surrounded on three sides by water. Even though Henry’s kingdom was protected by water, the Scots lived to the north and were allied with France. The Scots were England’s ancient and bitter enemy. Henry’s chief concerns had been to control the independence of the nobility and to enrich the crown. He accomplished this by eliminating his enemies and taking their land, by raising taxes, and by avoiding involvement in expensive wars leaving him with an abundance of money which he used to set out on a different course - to expand England’s ... Free Essays on Political History And Corruption In Macbeth Free Essays on Political History And Corruption In Macbeth To understand many of William Shakespeare’s plays, one must understand the history of the time period. A.L. Rowse gives a history of William Shakespeare’s time, the late sixteenth to the early seventeenth century and how the government of the time was authoritarian but popular. The person of the Monarch (derived from the Greek â€Å"monorchia†, the rule of one), the Crown, was something even the lowest character could understand. The monarchs have many different titles, including king, queens, sultan, emperors, empresses, tsars, and kaisers, depending on the type of governments and the location of the state he or she rules. Oftentimes, the monarch was based on the need for a strong ruler who could gather the countries best men to form and command a military that was used to defend the country. The monarch was absolute and only responsible to God and was considered to be God's representative in all worldly and royal matters. A strong central government was needed to maintain order and provided a stable atmosphere in which trade could flourish. Productive leadership qualities were very noticeable in Henry the VIII, and even more so in his daughter, Elizabeth (Rowse 226-263). Furthermore, â€Å"There is no doubt that she regarded herself as appointed by God to rule over her subjects† (Rowse 264). Henry the VIII inherited a kingdom from Henry the VII which lacked natural recourses yet it was surrounded on three sides by water. Even though Henry’s kingdom was protected by water, the Scots lived to the north and were allied with France. The Scots were England’s ancient and bitter enemy. Henry’s chief concerns had been to control the independence of the nobility and to enrich the crown. He accomplished this by eliminating his enemies and taking their land, by raising taxes, and by avoiding involvement in expensive wars leaving him with an abundance of money which he used to set out on a different course - to expand England’s ...

Battle of Belleau Wood in World War I

Battle of Belleau Wood in World War I Part of the 1918 German Spring Offensives, the Battle of Belleau Wood took place between June 1-26 during World War I (1914 to 1918). Fought predominantly by US Marines, victory was achieved after twenty-six days of combat. The main German attack was repulsed on June 4 and US forces began offensive operations on June 6. The battle halted the German Aisne offensive and launched a counterattack in the area. Fighting in the forest was particularly fierce, with the Marines attacking the wood six times before it was finally secured. German Spring Offensives In early 1918, the German government, freed from fighting a two-front war by the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, chose to launch a massive offensive on the Western Front. This decision was largely motivated by a desire to end the war before the full strength of the United States could be brought into the conflict. Beginning on March 21, the Germans attacked the British Third and Fifth Armies with the goal of splitting the British and French and driving the former into the sea (Map). After driving the British back after making some initial gains, the advance stalled and was ultimately halted at  Villers-Bretonneux. As a result of the crisis caused by the German attack, Marshal Ferdinand Foch was appointed Supreme Commander of the Allied Armies and tasked with coordinating all operations in France. An assault to the north around Lys, dubbed Operation Georgette, met a similar fate in April. To aid these offensives a third attack, Operation  Blà ¼cher–Yorck, was planned for late May in Aisne between Soissons and Rheims (Map). Aisne Offensive Beginning on May 27, German storm troopers broke through the French lines in Aisne. Striking in an area that lacked substantial defenses and reserves, the Germans forced the French Sixth Army into a full retreat. During the first three days of the offensive, the Germans captured 50,000 Allied soldiers and 800 guns. Moving quickly, the Germans advanced to the Marne River and were intent on pressing on to Paris. At the Marne, they were blocked by American troops at Chateau-Thierry and Belleau Wood. The Germans attempted to take Chateau-Thierry but were stopped by US Army forces centered around the 3rd Division on June 2. 2nd Division Arrives On June 1, the Major General Omar Bundys 2nd Division took up positions south of Belleau Wood near Lucy-le-Bocage with its line extending south opposite Vaux. A composite division, the 2nd consisted of Brigadier General Edward M. Lewis 3rd Infantry Brigade (9th 23rd Infantry Regiments) and Brigadier General James Harbords 4th Marine Brigade (5th 6th Marine Regiments). In addition to their infantry regiments, each brigade possessed a machine gun battalion. While Harbords Marines assumed a position near Belleau Wood, Lewis men held a line to the south below the Paris-Metz Road. As the Marines dug in, a French officer suggested that they withdrawal. To this Captain Lloyd Williams of the 5th Marines famously replied, Retreat? Hell, we just got here. Two days later elements of the German 347th Division from Army Group Crown Prince occupied the forest. With their attack at Chateau-Thierry stalling, the Germans launched a major assault on June 4. Supported by machine guns and artillery, the Marines were able to hold, effectively ending the German offensive in Aisne. Marines Move Forward The following day, the commander of the French XXI Corps ordered Harbords 4th Marine Brigade to retake Belleau Wood. On the morning of June 6, the Marines advanced, capturing Hill 142 to the west of the wood with support from the French 167th Division (Map). Twelve hours later, they frontally assaulted the forest itself. To do so, the Marines had to cross a wheat field under heavy German machine gun fire. With his men pinned down, Gunnery Sergeant Dan Daly called Come on ya sons-of-bitches, ya want to live forever? and got them on the move again. When night fell, only a small section of forest had been captured. In addition to Hill 142 and the assault on the woods, the 2nd Battalion, 6th Marines attacked into Bouresches to the east. After taking most of the village, the Marines were forced to dig in against German counterattacks. All reinforcements trying to reach Bouresches had to cross a large open area and were subjected to heavy German fire. When night fell, the Marines had suffered 1,087 casualties making it the bloodiest day in the Corps history to date. Clearing the Forest On June 11, following a heavy artillery bombardment, the Marines pressed hard into Belleau Wood, capturing the southern two-thirds. Two days later, the Germans assaulted Bouresches after a massive gas attack and almost retook the village. With the Marines stretched thin, the 23rd Infantry extended its line and took over the defense of Bouresches. On the 16th, citing exhaustion, Harbord requested that some of the Marines be relieved. His request was granted and three battalions of the 7th Infantry (3rd Division) moved into the forest. After five days of fruitless fighting, the Marines retook their position in the line. On June 23, the Marines launched a major attack into the forest but were unable to gain ground. Suffering staggering losses, they required over two hundred ambulances to carry the wounded. Two days later, Belleau Wood was subjected to a fourteen-hour bombardment by French artillery. Attacking in the wake of the artillery, US forces were finally able to completely clear the forest (Map). On June 26, after defeating some early morning German counterattacks, Major Maurice Shearer was finally able to send the signal, Woods now entirely -US Marine Corps. Aftermath In the fighting around Belleau Wood, American forces suffered 1,811 killed and 7,966 wounded and missing. German casualties are unknown though 1,600 were captured. The Battle of Belleau Wood and the Battle of Chateau-Thierry showed the United States allies that it was fully committed fighting the war and was willing to do whatever was required to achieve victory. The commander of the American Expeditionary Forces, General John J. Pershing,  commented after the battle that The deadliest weapon in the world is a United States Marine and his rifle.  In recognition of their tenacious fighting and victory, the French awarded citations to those units that participated in the battle and renamed Belleau Wood Bois de la Brigade Marine.   Belleau Wood also showed the Marine Corps flare for publicity. While the fighting was still going on, the Marines routinely circumvented the American Expeditionary Forces publicity offices to have their story told, while those of Army units engaged were ignored. Following the Battle of Belleau Wood, Marines began being referred to as Devil Dogs. While many believed that this term was coined by the Germans, its actual origins are unclear. It is known that the Germans highly respected the Marines fighting ability and classified them as elite storm troopers.

Optical Communication and Networks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Optical Communication and Networks - Essay Example The concept of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and DWDM has also been introduced. Finally, the latest trends in optical communication and networks are briefly explained. Optical communication system is similar to any kind of communication system, as far as the basics are concerned. The major difference in optical and other communication models is the additional requirement of a source (for conversion of signal from electrical to optical domain), receiver (for conversion from optical to electrical domain) and use of fibre as media in place of conventional copper wire or microwave. The use of glass fibre or optical fibre features a number of advantages that make it a formidable media, in comparison to others. One of the most important assets of optical communication is the availability of enormous potential bandwidth to the tune of hundreds of GHz. The potential cannot be fully harnessed owing to electrical domain limitation. However, technologies like WDM or DWDM are evolving to optimize the available bandwidth usage. Being fabricated from glass, the fibre does no have earth loop or interface problem as are evident in electrical media. The optical communication is immune to interference from radio frequency and electromagnetic radiations or EMP (electromagnetic pulses) as they act as dielectric waveguides. There are practically insignificant radiations from fibre which enhance security of signal in a communication system. Other advantages include low weight, small size, flexible, reliable, easily maintainable, low transmission losses and cost effective. The requirement for capacity is increasing at a fast rate in the present day networks. Growth of worldwide web and Internet are the primary causes for this increase. Every four to six months, the need is almost doubling. Available broadband access technologies like Digital subscriber line (DSL), cable modems etc. provide bandwidths of 1Mbps and 28 to 56 kbps per user, respectively. With online businesses company networks with their distant locations and the clients, the bandwidth requirement is will soon rise to level where, the only solution would remain to switch to optical networks. Optical networks can be broadly divided into two generations. The first generation optical networks were solely used to enhance capacity to stand alone communication links while; the second-generation networks encompass the issues of routing and switching. In the subsequent paragraphs we will discuss optical communication and networks with reference to the various components and devices in greater details. We shall initially cover the basic theory behind transmission, attenuation and distortion of optical signal in the fibre. Optical Transmission Basics Optical fibre acts as a cylindrical waveguide with an inner core and outer cladding of differing refractive index as shown in Figure 1, core refractive index being greater than clad refractive index. The light traverses in the core as well as in the cladding. To illustrate the transmission of light, let's consider ray theory. Figure 1: Structure of optical fibre (adopted from Senior, John M.) The refractive index of

Emerging global governance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Emerging global governance - Research Paper Example A child who is defined as person of age below 18 years is entitled to healthcare, free education, adequate nutrition, freedom from violence, abuse, exploitation and leisure and recreation (Verhellen, 66). The CRC originated from the Geneva declaration o 1924 which according to Verhellen (64) is the first international human rights instrument dealing with children rights. Before then, various organizations like ILO have made efforts to improve the well-being of children by setting minimum employment age for children to avoid abuse and exploitation. The Geneva declaration was made after the First World War to deal with the plight of children and remove them from deplorable situations. The declaration had a preamble and five aims referred as â€Å"Declaration of the rights of the child.† Under this declaration, a child was entitled to receive relief first in times of distress, protection from any form of exploitation, to be fed and sheltered and to develop normally materially and spiritually. This is the obligation of parents or adults. More declarations concerned with children issues continued to emerge. The declaration was reconfirmed by the League of Nations General Assembly ( UNICEF, 2011). Another Declaration which forms the basis for CRC is the declaration on the rights of the child in 1959. Whereas Geneva declaration focused on social and economic needs, the 1959 declaration focused on families, right to name and nationality and need for love among other issues. It had a preamble and based on 10 principles hence it was more complex than Geneva declaration. It touched on issues such as non-discrimination, name and nationality, education, opportunity for development and enjoyment of social security benefits among others (Verhellen, 66). The 1989 convention was a culmination of various human rights instruments developed over the years and its work began during the 20th

Holden Caulfield as a hero Essay -- essays research papers

Holden as a Hero Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger is a story about the trials of life and the toll it can take on the psyche. I believe that Holden Caulfield is an under credited hero. He is a teenager forced to grow up in a time of turmoil with severe emotional handicaps placed upon him by family, friends and life in general.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Holden is one confused kid trying to beat the Man in the 1950’s. He grew up ignored by his parents, drifting from school to school in search of a purer lifestyle. On page one Holden humbly describes his lousy growing up. â€Å"If you really want to hear about it, the first thing you will probably want to know is where I was born, and what my lousy childhood was like†¦but I don’t feel like going into it, if you want to know the truth†¦that stuff bores me.† Holden does not want to go into his childhood and play the victim. He tells us that he had a rough time and leaves it at that. Later in the book he alludes to how his parents just shuffled him from school to school hoping that he would do better at the next one. All he tells us about is his dad is that he is a big shot corporate lawyer, not much about what kind of father he was. Suggesting that he was gone a lot and not around to give a good role model for Holden. In turn it shows u p in Holden’s attitude towards adults.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the book Holden shows his resentment towards the Man. He always refers to how phony the authority figures are. Mult...

Overview of Marketing and Branding Products of Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited Essay

The correct usage of these Lubricants of right quality ensures prolonged and trouble free vehicle operation, providing maximum benefits to the users of present day modern vehicles. Overview In line with the economic liberalisation in India, Lubricants was the first downstream Petroleum product to be totally deregulated with effect from 1991. Since then a large number of players – National, MNCs as well as Global Players – have entered the Indian Lubricants market. Despite operating in a totally competitive environment, BPCL’s Lubricants SBU has been registering a growth in lubricant sales continuously over the past couple of years. In 2007-08, an overall growth of 10% has been registered, with a healthy turnover of Rs. 1680 crores (approx USD 350 million). In 1998, we re-launched our Lubricants in new attractive packs, mainly in Automotive category with three major brands depicting each segment- Mak for Diesel Engine oils, Automol for Petrol Engine oils and Glide for Two/Three wheelers(mainly 2T then). In the year 2003, we decided to go for Umbrella Brand-MAK Lubricants, in subsequent years, branded all our industrial grades with MAK. Retail Channel Our core strength is our retail outlet network across the country, this comprises of about 7530 retail outlets. Our Lubes SBU have undertaken various initiatives in co-ordination with Retail Business to grow our sales volume through this channel. Initiatives undertaken by the SBU are setting up of Hero Honda City Works, Tata Authorised Service Station (TASS) and installation of Quick Oil Change Machines at retail outlets. Bazaar Channel With a network of 190 PLDs, 600 MAK Garages and MAK Mobile Vans established to improve reach and penetration in rural and unrepresented areas of MAK Brand, the SBU could reach to the last mile as far as the customers are concerned! We continue to improve our brand visibility across the network and there by increasing our market share across the segments. Industrial Channel Large number of prestigious customers has been added during the year to our already existing prestigious customer list. We are also suppliers of initial engine oil fill to TATA Motors, TVS, and Hero Honda etc. We also hold respectable share of Railway and Defence business. Infrastructure The Lube Plants at Wadilube (Mumbai), Budge Budge (Calcutta), Loni (Delhi) and Tondiarpet (Chennai) have organised themselves as close-knit teams to maximize levels of production and dispatch. The Plant at Wadilube is an ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004 ;amp; OHSAS 18001:2007 certified Plant. As part of the ongoing improvements in packaging, the new series of packages developed entirely in-house have been introduced. Other initiatives To support the business initiatives, a major thrust has been given to improving BPCL’s product offering and increases its market presence. The new R;amp;D Center at Sewree, Mumbai, has developed a number of new products in the automotive and industrial categories. Towards higher visibility, substantial investments have been made in revitalising the brands through product quality and package improvements. The entire distribution system has been revamped with the formation of Supply Chain Management department to ensure that products are more conveniently available and distinctively visible in the market price. Exclusive branded Lube Shoppe’s have been opened all over the country to improve our reach, as well as many innovative & unconventional methods are being used to create brand awareness especially in the diesel oils segments. Another major initiative has been to reach the products to the rural population through the tie-up with ITC – e-choupal network which has spread the MAK brand across the country in rural areas also. Currently this network is available in Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Madhya Pradesh and is likely to extend to other states also shortly. MAK also embarked on another thrust area of enrolling garages across the country in the network of â€Å"MAK Garages† there by providing standardized service across the network. This initiative not only rovides opportunity for the garages to enhance their business opportunity but also provides an assurance to the end customers that their vehicles are getting the right kind of lubricants. Brand Ambassador To promote MAK brand among the youth and improve the brand visibility, MAK signed up M. S. Dhoni as Brand ambassador in the year 2006. The rise of MAK brand in the minds of the consumers as well as market share coincided with the rise of Dhoni also, who today is the Youth icon of the year and also the Captain of the Indian team for all versions of the game – like MAK being the â€Å"Champion of All Engines†. BPCL is confident that it will continue to make substantial and sustained efforts with appropriate investments, synergies business between channels, improve quality and quantity standards, invest in R&D for new product development and aggressively build the brands to result in maximising the value addition for both the business and its customers. Research and Development Vision To create a centre of technical excellence for Product & Application Development through pursuit of knowledge and fostering creativity / innovation to be a pacesetter and achieve cost leadership in petroleum industry. Introduction The Research & Development Centre at Sewree, Mumbai was established in 1983 and recognized by Department of Scientific & Industrial Research, MoS&T. The R&D Centre has highly skilled and experienced Scientists & Engineers capable of developing various types of lubricant products, innovatively, using modern technology. It is equipped with state-of-the-art equipment / facilities for testing of lubricants, greases and fuels besides certain rig & performance tests required for developing new lubricants as well as upgrading the existing products on continuous basis.

Social Media Essay Online For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2396 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Critical essay Tags: Social Media Essay Did you like this example? Introduction This essay seeks to critically discuss the statement that given the rise of social media marketing, companies should focus all of their marketing efforts on social media platforms. The rapidly shifting topography of the social media landscape seems to create the impression that its associated platforms are a new concept, but they actually have a relatively long history in terms of the total lifespan of the internet. For example, Friendster was established in 2002 whilst Myspace and LinkedIn followed the year after. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Social Media Essay Online For Free" essay for you Create order Two years later, 2005 saw the rise of some of the most famous social media platforms of the present day including a nascent Facebook, YouTube and Reddit, whilst Twitter became popular the following year (Luttrell, 2015). Over this period of time, marketers have become more comfortable with the realisation that these platforms offer new avenues for marketing efforts, with enhanced brand awareness and brand engagement being key metrics for the success of social media campaigns (Hoffman and Fodor, 2010). This work will evaluate the extent to which social media should be utilised as a marketing tool. Discussion Concurrent with the aforementioned growth of social media platforms, consumers are now, more than ever before, turning to the internet as a source of information (Aiello, 2014). In a marketing context this trend seems to be driven by a number of factors, with consumers seemingly beginning to question the trustworthiness of traditional forms of advertising, meaning that many are leveraging the power of social media to seek out more reliable information relating to a product or service (Aiello, 2014). Evidence of the rise of social media marketing can be seen in the vast sums of money that are being spent on the platform as a means of disseminating messages. For example, previous estimations suggest that between 2010 and 2013, worldwide spending on social media marketing increased from $3.4 billion to $10 billion (Clark and Melancon, 2013). This trend is set to continue, with expenditure in the United States alone expected to double to $11 billion by 2017, with an imbedded sub-trend that will see mobile-orientated platforms rival and exceed traditional personal computer platforms for the first time (Glass and Calahan, 2014). The case for companies to continue this high level of investment in social media marketing is a sound one. Social media facilitates a strengthening of the relationship between a consumer and a particular brand by enabling people to express their loyalty, even in cases in which they may not necessarily be able to afford a given product or service (Clark and Melancon, 2013). Citing the work of Shaffer and Garnett (2011), Clark and Melancon (2013) state that 51% of Facebook users are likely to buy from companies which they follow whilst 84% of a companys fans on that platform are returning customers. A potential mechanism for this activity is put forward by Laroche, Habibi and Richard (2013), who suggest that a sense of community around a particular brand, which is created through social media, can underpin consumer loyalty to that brand. T he authors observe that people join brand communities in order to satisfy an inherent need to feel part of a particular group or establish a sense of belonging to symbols which they consider important. Brand communities, in turn, provide an individual with the opportunity to get in touch with devoted consumers of a similar mind-set, establishing a common frame of reference within which people can interact and exchange accounts of product experiences. In practice, this is analogous to the supporting of a sports team, with a common cause being central to defining a sense of personal identity and bringing together people who otherwise may have nothing in common (Simons, 2013). This clearly plays into the hands of marketers, with this sense of loyalty leading to a fervour that seemingly creates customer loyalty and results in benefits for all involved parties. With such a powerful force close to hand, marketers can establish Facebook groups and pages, using the medium to interact with t heir consumer base, asking direct questions in an attempt to inspire dialogue and create information flow between individuals. Other innovative tools such as Facebook events, both real and virtual, can be used to sporadically bring people together under a common corporate banner, further reinforcing the aforementioned sense of community that such a facility creates (Zarrella and Zarrella, 2011). Another characteristic that is representative of the rise of social media marketing, and which certainly justifies its use by companies, is word of mouth advertising. Outside of the context of social media, word of mouth has typically been accepted as being a highly powerful force in the marketplace. According to Bansal and Voyer (2000), this is because the sender of such information, being a buying customer, usually has little to gain in terms of telling others about their experience of a particular brand, meaning that receivers can render any recommendations as being trustworthy and tru thful. This contrasts with the attempts of advertisers to promote the benefits of their product or service: what they say about their commercial offering may not be untrue but because they stand to gain monetarily from any purchases made, the fidelity of their claims could be rightly questioned. Social media, it seems, has amplified the effect of word of mouth in that consumption-related online communities materialise in cases in which enough people are speaking about a brand such that social relationships are formed. This has given rise to far-reaching networks to which people will specifically come in order to share information about a product or service (Brown, Broderick and Lee, 2007) and previous to the dawn of the internet, such a proliferation seems unthinkable. The messages that they emit through social media can be positive or negative, but it should usually conform to the aforementioned principle in that it will probably be truthful. Marketers appreciate this powerful forc e and though it is difficult to control, they can use their social media presence to encourage followers to disseminate positive messages and recruit new advocates by offering rewards and competitions to tag photos or share a specific piece of content with others (Clark and Melancon, 2013). However, in a competitive marketplace, efforts need to be somewhat more concentrated and one communications agency, M Booth, increased clothes sales for a client by partnering with a number of well-established online bloggers, leveraging their reach to set up a blog-up shop series which directly enhanced sales by $105,000 (Whitler, 2014). Accordingly, by strategically aligning itself with the right individuals, the company was able to funnel positive word of mouth messages through potent online social media channels in order to boost direct sales. There is further, perhaps more obvious, evidence relating to why a company should concentrate its efforts down social media channels: marketers can enjoy cost and time savings whilst providing a more stimulating experience to their users. What is more, the data that can be derived from this type of marketing can be very powerful with, for example, users tweets being easily trackable to offer an instant barometer of the popularity of a specific campaign or activity (Tella, 2015). Together, these factors offer a compelling case for social media marketing but what remains to be answered is the question as to whether a company should channel all of their marketing efforts into social media platforms. There is ample evidence to suggest otherwise. Mangold and Faulds (2009) state that the marketplace has been enhanced by social media because consumer to consumer communication has been substantially proliferated. This is a good development for companies from the perspective that word of mouth recommendations are more fluid and can reach more people, but the platform is unique in that it wrests some of the control of marketing messag es from the advertiser and empowers the consumer (Mangold and Faulds, 2009), whose experience of a given product or service may not necessarily be positive. If this were to be the case and the marketer has focused solely on social media marketing, it seemingly leaves too much marketing control in the hands of consumers and impedes the potential power of traditional advertising, which can deliver a more focused and controlled, albeit less interactive, message. It also means that marketing executives must work very hard in order to shape the views of consumers in line with the mission and goals of the organisation (Mangold and Faulds, 2009). Indeed, Clark and Melancon (2013) report that 21% of consumers have used social media to speak negatively of a brand. If this happens to occur on, say, a companys Twitter page, it could be very damaging to its image and, accordingly, social media marketing has rightly been associated with a relinquishment of control (Barker et al., 2013). Moreover , any efforts on the part of a company to forcefully influence this dynamic can be construed as domineering. At the same time, there exists an interesting advantage of traditional marketing efforts over those of social media. For example, a newspaper advertisement might make grandiose claims about a given product or service. To a great extent, this is expected by consumers who by now are conditioned to the techniques used by traditional marketers. Conversely, Barker et al. (2013) argue that social media marketing campaigns are unable adopt this approach. Because of the two-way communication element of this type of marketing, a consumers level of trust is of the utmost importance, meaning that marketing efforts which are not earnest and honest will be held to task by people who can become irked by exaggerated claims. This is representative of a lack of trust and exemplifies the altered dynamic and additional barriers that are apparent in social media marketing: it is undeniable th at consumers are more accessible through these new online avenues; however, the standard to which they hold the seller of a good or service may be higher and more fraught with danger than it is when traditional marketing forms are utilised. It is also worth noting the reach of a more traditional marketing platform such as television advertising. Extolling the benefits of this type of marketing, Burrow and Fowler (2015) state that this method has the propensity to influence people in an emotional way, using high production values to elicit a strong bond with the viewer. Of course, it must be noted that this can still be achieved on a social media platform such as YouTube, but this still gives consumers the two-way communication mechanism to communicate their like or dislike of a particular advertisement and is somewhat dependent on what that the consumer is actively searching for, as web activity can be very task-driven (Harvest Digital, 2007). Moreover, a television advertisement can deliver a controlled message to a very large audience, as evidenced by a sustained increase in demand for adverting space during the Super Bowl, a fact evidenced by an annual increase in advertising rates of 10.3% since the first iteration of that event, resulting in a cost of $3.75 million for a 30 second advertising segment (Ozanian, 2013). The average audience of the Super Bowl in 2014 exceeded 110 million people (Oh, Sasser and Almahmoud, 2015). Clearly, these observations lend credence to the assertion that traditional platforms still deliver value to marketers and that all resources should not necessarily be channelled into social media marketing mechanisms. Conclusion Based on the cited evidence in this work, it can be concluded that social media marketing efforts can be very rewarding as they offer new and innovative ways in which to engage with consumers and build a harmonious and sustained relationship. However, one must be critical of the contention that a company should focus all of its marketing efforts on social media platforms. Traditional marketing, though less dynamic in nature, still offers many advantages and can be used to reach a large amount of consumers in a short space of time. With consumers being less suspicious of this type of marketing, trust may be less likely to be breached, but the growth of social media channels is difficult to deny. The world is seemingly going online and social media provides a level of interactivity unrivalled by other platforms. Perhaps an optimal approach would be an integration of social media and traditional print media/television platforms, with consumers being encouraged to seek out online inter actions through traditional channels. Such an approach would seem to combine the best of both worlds and appeal to the widest possible audience. References Aiello, L. (2014). Handbook of research on management of cultural products: E-relationship marketing and accessibility perspectives. Hershey: Business Science Reference. Bansal, H. S., and Voyer, P. A. (2000). Word-of-mouth processes within a services purchase decision context. Journal of Service Research, 3(2), 166-177. Barker, M. S., Barker, D., Bormann, N. F., and Neher, K. 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