Retailing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Retailing - Assignment Example Dynamic financial conditions have constrained the main retailers to reexamine the techniques identified with the showcasing channels. The changed modifying patterns in basic food item retailing have made different open doors for the providers and the producers. Concerning the serious market situation, the retailers have upheld certain techniques and propelled designs as respects to the consumers’ conduct (Memedovic, 2010). Organization Information Tesco is viewed as the probably the greatest retailer in the worldwide point of view. In the year 1997, it had built up itself as the one of the noticeable and confided in names in the field of basic food item retail. Tesco speaks to the biggest online basic food item business; it focuses on its clients based on buy conduct. The open doors gave by Tesco inside the sites encourage to meet the necessity of its objective purchasers including the more youthful crowd just as the rich family crowd (Datamonitor, 2004). J Sainsbury plc speak s to the parent just as the host organization of Sainsbury’s Supermarkets Ltd. It speaks to the third biggest general store chain inside the United Kingdom. It has actualized and executed certain techniques alongside plans that guarantee the supportability inside the serious market situation. Sainsbury’s vision is to be a confided in retailer (Irish Food Board, 2011). As per the retailing business, the goal of the investigation is to thoroughly analyze among Tesco and Sainsbury concerning their exhibition in different territories. The individual regions incorporate store position, store configuration, publicizing and advancements, client division and multi-channel stage. In this examination, Mehrabian and Russell's methodology shirking model will be applied. This model speaks with the impacts of the store condition upon the purchaser conduct. As per Mehrabian and Russell's methodology shirking model, it has been additionally uncovered that it lays accentuation upon non verbal reactions identified with natural factors that go about as a significant determinant of progress in conduct. Examination and Contrast of Tesco and Sainsbury’s Performance Store Format The store arrangement of an association has significant effect on the buying choices. In a few occurrences, store air, inside structure and in general store condition decide the response of clients as for item buy and utilization. The store condition contains certain signs, messages and recommendations to the clients. It can upgrade the positive inclination and direct the foreseen customer conduct, for example, high tendency to buy or longer an ideal opportunity to remain in retail location (Gilboa and Rafaeli, 2002). Store air is a fundamental segment of picture of an association. For a few retailers, viewpoints, for example, store format, shading, lighting and music among others help to impact the purchasing conduct of clients. They decide the determination of clients about the store to belittle. Nonetheless, since the

Strategic Plan, Part II: SWOTT Analysis

Applying the SHOOT to Pewter's Accounting Services will help recognize financial, legitimate, administrative powers that influence business. This examination won't just permit the business to Identify quality yet shortcomings In Its Industry. Understanding the shortcomings of the business will likewise permit to methodologies for various opportunities.By recognizing dangers and patterns we can make striking forecasts to make the most of chances and changes before they happen as expected. We will recognize seven unique powers and patterns that influence business. Financial Economic patterns assume a significant job in all organizations. This is a main consideration that a bookkeeping administrations business should power to make forecasts and modifications. In light of patterns the organization may envision recruiting pretty much workers. A positive quality for Peters Accounting Services is that paying little heed to a fortunate or unfortunate financial year people despite everything need to record state and administrative taxes.Business will at present ay quarterly assessments and need assistance with accounting just as yearly documenting of duties for the state and central government also. Dangers of a poor economy can tend to not affect this industry an excess of in light of the fact that it is a consistent need. An open door for this business lies during a financial rise new organizations are being made importance the requirement for a bookkeeping administrations will be utilized as often as possible. Having the option to offer all year administrations will help battle the Idea of occasional work that assessment gets ready and advisors need to contend with.Legal and Regulatory In request to be a trustworthy organization the Pewter's Accounting Services ought to be joked with Certified Public Accountants. A CPA is an Individual who has set aside the effort to take a progression of four thorough tests that must be finished in a 18-month time span (CPA Review, 2013). Bookkeepers can don't need to be Spa's however there is an additional appeal and makes your data legitimate contrasted with the last mentioned. Bookkeepers are required to take 20 hours of proceeded with instruction, which Is likewise alluded to as CE attributes this permits them to remain refreshed on new laws and guidelines for the up and coming year (CPA Review, 2013).Despite the prerequisite this isn't sufficient time for a person to assemble and hold a great part of the data. A ton of time and hours with the association should be committed to guarantee that all people helping in recording charges is exceptional. Gracefully Chain and Technology Pewter's Accounting Services should exploit new innovation accessible to a mass market. This outside factor can be viewed as both a quality and shortcoming. There is one main consideration that increases a bookkeeping administrations business.During charge 1 OFF referrals and systems administration endeavors consistently. During th is time the organization can intrigue new customers and existing customers by giving the freshest or most effective bookkeeping programming to enable the clients to record their duties electronically. The bookkeeping administrations will likewise give its clients get to remotely by means of a made sure about online webpage giving the customers access to their money related data from anyplace on the planet. This can give issues of security since we are managing touchy data that can be utilized in a noxious manner if intercepted.Adjusting to Change and Competitive examination Pewter's Accounting Services will have its home office in the San Fernando Valley. A speedy cry search of bookkeepers close to the North Hollywood territory gives a rundown of 109 efferent organizations that offer bookkeeping administrations (Yelp, 2014). The last registration of North Hollywood assessed that there was more than 160 thousand living arrangement, which has just developed over the most recent 10 yea rs. Regardless of the enormous number of rivalry in the region there are a lot of customers to go around particularly when there are new grown-ups entering the workforce consistently. Dealing with referrals will be our strength.Individuals and entrepreneur will in general allude a decent CPA whenever the situation allows. Regular business can be lost to combinations like H and R Block who represent considerable authority in short structure charge arrangements at significant expenses. They anyway have enormous promotion dollars that will require us to consider some fresh possibilities to get business. They get ready duties for 1 in each 7 recorded returns in the United States (H and R Block, 2013). This prompts remaining serious not really with H and R Block however with other single proprietor or association workplaces and that is by having our duty gets ready experience the preparation gave by H and R Block.This will surrender us to date professional and patterns with the business while additionally permitting us to make alterations to our own systems. Procedure Internal components will incorporate an organized methodology for the organization. The quality of system will be more control of everyday activities. The starting stage will be comprise of building a demographic base by Joining the Los Angels Latino Chamber of Commerce alongside different associations in the region. This will help construct the notoriety for the firm. Keeping the staff little will be an unquestionable requirement to keep overhead low.Location won't be modest yet will be an essential insidiousness when attempting to pull in stroll in business. Evaluating will be key too. The organization can't cost excessively low or excessively high. The organizations' drawn out arrangement is to likewise higher authorized agents that can offer money related guidance too. This period of the methodology will help acquire more trust in the network just as construct piece of the pie by reinvesting clien ts government forms and furthermore offering charge directly off by setting up singular retirement accounts. Procedures and frameworks In request to hold and increment the client base follow up process should be in place.Email's, Addresses, and telephone number records should be kept up and cleaned before outbound calls are made by the phone customer insurance act on the off chance that we are making deals calls (FCC, 2014). The vast majority of our outbound calls will are that will be received by the organization to champion from different organizations. Our frameworks will likewise have updates and will likewise convey messages occasionally to give our clients industry refreshes. The frameworks for inward control will all need secret phrase checks to see client data.Accessing of this information will guarantee that we can guard client data to help battle fraud. Objectives Accounting is a truly steady type of acquiring a living. The objective for Pewter's Accounting Service is to t urn into a pioneer in the network. Enduring the main couple of years won't be simple, yet consistency pays off at long last. Perceivability will be significant as people run towards others that have any kind of effect and are available. Notwithstanding the treat of losing clients it is inescapable to endure weakening, yet remaining in front of market patterns will be required to stay away from immense plunges in production.Branching out to being something beyond an occasional assistance will likewise be vital. Employing Spa's and bookkeepers that can help with other every day exercises like finance, accounting, and exhorting will help acquire salary all year. End The SHOOT investigation helped with distinguishing key destinations and obstructions that another business can confront, yet over come. The specialty of arranging can't be downplayed as we deiced there is inward and outside elements that sway business. Impression of the world around the business is a key part of this examin ation. Key Plan, Part II: SWOTT Analysis Applying the SHOOT to Pewter's Accounting Services will help recognize financial, legitimate, administrative powers that influence business. This investigation won't just permit the business to Identify quality however shortcomings In Its Industry. Understanding the shortcomings of the business will likewise permit to techniques for various opportunities.By distinguishing dangers and patterns we can make striking forecasts to make the most of chances and changes before they work out as intended. We will recognize seven unique powers and patterns that influence business. Financial Economic patterns assume a significant job in all organizations. This is a central point that a bookkeeping administrations business should power to make forecasts and changes. In light of patterns the organization may foresee recruiting pretty much workers. A positive quality for Peters Accounting Services is that paying little heed to a fortunate or unfortunate monetary year people despite everything need to record state and bureaucratic taxes.Business will in any case ay quarterly assessments and need assistance with accounting just as yearly documenting of expenses for the state and central government also. Dangers of a poor economy can tend to not affect this industry an excess of on the grounds that it is a steady need. An open door for this business lies during a monetary rise new organizations are being made significance the requirement for a bookkeeping administrations will be utilized much of the time. Having the option to offer all year administrations will help battle the Idea of occasional work that expense gets ready and experts need to contend with.Legal and Regulatory In request to be a legitimate organization the Pewter's Accounting Services ought to be joked with Certified Public Accountants. A CPA is an Individual who has set aside the effort to take a progression of four thorough tests that must be finished in a 18-month time frame (CPA Review, 2013). Bookkeepers ca n don't need to be Spa's however there is an additional appeal and makes your data legitimate contrasted with the last mentioned. Bookkeepers are required to take 20 hours of proceeded with instruction, which Is likewise alluded to as CE attributes this permits them to remain refreshed on new laws and guidelines for the up and coming year (CPA Review, 2013).Despite the necessity this isn't sufficient time for a person to accumulate and hold a great part of the data. A ton of time and hours with the association should be devoted to guarantee that all people helping in recording charges is forward-thinking. Flexibly Chain and Technology Pewter's Accounting Services should exploit new innovation accessible to a mass market. This outside factor can be viewed as both a quality and shortcoming. There is one main consideration that increases an

How to Help Your Child Understand Their ADHD Diagnosis

How to Help Your Child Understand Their ADHD Diagnosis ADHD Diagnosis Print How to Help Your Child Understand Their ADHD Diagnosis By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 18, 2018 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Blend Images/KidStock/Brand X Pictures / Getty Images Explaining ADHD to your child after she has been diagnosed can help remove the mystery surrounding the struggles she knows shes been having. It can also help a child feel a greater sense of control. Though parents sometimes worry about their child being labeled, it is much worse for a child to feel that they are “stupid” or “lazy”â€"feelings often felt by kids with ADHD who dont quite understand why they are different from their peers. Understanding what ADHD is helps to remove these types of negative labels. It demystifies what has been going on and provides a clearer understanding to a child. ADHD has nothing to do with intelligence or laziness; it is a medical condition that requires interventions and treatment just like nearsightedness or hearing loss does. How do you go about explaining ADHD to a child? Where do you begin? Team Up With Your Doctor Learning about ADHD may be a process for parents, as well as children. Often when a child is first diagnosed, it is helpful to sit down together with the doctor to discuss the diagnosis. You and your child can ask questions and the doctor can provide accurate information. Be Positive in Your Approach Your approach is very important. Be positive, matter-of-fact, and comfortable in your conversation. Now that you are aware of what has been causing the inattention, trouble focusing on one thing at a time, difficulty sitting still, and the like, you can begin to address the issues more effectively. Knowledge is a good thing. If you don’t know the answers to questions your child is asking, let him or her know you are learning together and can find answers together. Tailor your responses to the age of your child. A very young child may not need or want quite as much detail as a teenager. Identify Strengths and Develop Strategies to Address Weakness Everyone has strengths and weaknesses. No one is good at everything. Focus on helping your child identify his or her areas of strength and interest, and develop strategies for dealing with and minimizing the areas that cause greater difficulty. Books, Books, Books There are many books available that help children to understand more about ADHD. Read the books  together, or if your child is older and prefers to read them alone, be supportive by giving her the space to do this. Positive Role Models ADHD is thought to have a strong genetic influence, so chances are that if your child has ADHD, someone else in your family may as well. Perhaps even you or your child’s other parent does. Talk openly about this with a positive attitude and outlook. Let your child know she is not alone. Talk about other successful people who also have ADHDâ€"business entrepreneurs, doctors, writers, artists, actors, athletes. With your help, your child will begin to understand that ADHD is just a small part of the wonderful person that she is.

Aneurysms - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 694 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/24 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? To begin with, the word aneurysm derives from the Latin word â€Å"aneurysma. † In Latin â€Å"aneurysma† means dilation and dilation means that act of expanding. From this, it is easier to figure out what an aneurysm really is. The definition of the English word aneurysm means, blood-filled dilation of a blood vessel. There are several different types of aneurysm, but this report will only cover a cerebral one. Intracranial aneurysms are classified as dissecting, saccular, and fusiform. There are many causes of intracranial aneurysms. Some of the most common causes would include fibromuscular dysphasia, atherosclerosis, and arteriovenous malformation. Some that are less common, but do occur would include drugs, infection, and trauma. Dissecting aneurysms occur when blood enters a vessel wall through a rupture in the intima, which is the inner lining of vein or artery. The damage in dissecting aneurysms varies greatly depending on the damage it has already ca used. These are the weakest aneurysms, because they don’t leave the premises of the parent vessel. There are cases were dissecting aneurysms cause great damage, but it is highly unlikely. Aneurysms that fall into this category are mostly caused by trauma to the head. Most of the time when this occurs damage is caused to the extracranial region of the brain. These are the rarest among all the other aneurysms and only would be caused by a severe head injury. Fusiform aneurysms are also called atherosclerotic aneurysms, because of the condition atherosclerosis, which is when plaque builds up in the artery walls. Fusiform aneurysm effect mostly the older population. The effects usually pertain to the vertebrobasilar system, which is the system the contains vertebral and basilar arteries. The aneurysm itself effects the tissues of the brain stem. A rupture may cause a brainstem infarction, in which tissues of the stem are destroyed. That causes the midbrain, medulla and the pons to shut down. Fustiform aneurysm are severe and most likely to be fatal if not identified. They are easily found, because the cause severe erosion at the base of the cranium. Saccular aneurysms are the most common and are easily identified because of the berrylike sacs on the veins or arteries. They are caused by weakness in the vessel wall layers. The sac itself grows from the intima and adventitia of an vessel. When this occurs abnormal hemodynamic pressure on the cerebral arteries causes rupture. Saccular aneurysm can be caused by infections, tumors, or drugs. Aneurysms occur to people in their early forties to their late fifties. Most aneurysms occur to people that are around age sixty. Intracranial aneurysms are rare to children and only account for 2% of the total aneurysms. The younger the patient with an intracranial aneurysm the larger the sac. Location is a big part in classifying the type of aneurysm. About 86. 5% of all intracranial aneurysms occurs in the car otid region. The pieces all fall to place when using the Hunt and Hess scale, which measures the current status of the expansion. There is a grade 0 to grade 5 scale. Zero is a non ruptured aneurysm and 5 is basically the point were there is not much doctors can do to make the patient live. Vasospasm is the term used when a constriction of a vein or artery occurs. It is also the cause of death when an aneurysm occurs. More than 50% of all surviving patients that get an intracranial aneurysm have neurological defects. Treatment is wonderful when treating intracranial aneurysm. The most common approach is surgery, because blood clots can occur and stop the circulation in the brain. First the surgeon must remove a small portion of the skull and the starts to spread the brain tissues then cuts off circulation in the aneurysm with a tiny clip. Then the procedure is over when the brain tissues are put back into place and the cranial bone is put back. Another type of surgery to preve nt a rupture involves a small plastic tube that is inserted into the femoral artery. The tube goes through the vascular system into the head and finally into the aneurysm. Then coils are tightened around the aneurysm to prevent rupture. More than 125,000 people have had this procedure worldwide. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Aneurysms" essay for you Create order

Body Modification And Its Effects On Society - 1791 Words

Imagine a young woman sitting in a chair, waiting for the artist to come in. She looks around the room, noticing the various designs on the walls. She thinks about what she asked for; does she really want a flower permanently drawn on her shoulder blade? What if someone sees it? Will her friends and family see her differently once she gets it? What would her boss think? After this she plans on getting a few piercings too, but she does not want people to think she is a thug. She is thinking these things because of stigma she has heard against people with body modifications. Society forms unfair biases professionally, religiously, and generally against people who choose to modify their bodies in ways seen as untraditional. First, to understand why others are uncomfortable with body modification, one should try to understand the process. Tattoos, as they vary in size and complexity, can take a few minutes to several hours. It is a painful process, as the gun is repeatedly puncturing the second layer of the skin, the vein-filled dermis, with needles dipped in ink (Levy 4). Piercings have a similar process, but instead of continuously poking people with several needles, a single puncture wound is made through the skin and a piece of jewelry is slipped in. Throughout both of these processes, sterile tools should be used, the artist should wash his or her hands and wear gloves, and the wounds should be cleansed and later bandaged if necessary (Sawyer 13, 22). If the proper stepsShow MoreRelatedShould Body Modifications Be Allowed?1226 Words   |  5 Pageslimitations as to which occupation they have because modifications do not harm customers or others, they are people who need jobs like the rest of us, and it is unfair. Often, when most people hear the words â€Å"body modifications† they think about the huge plates in people’s ears or lips. Most people fail to realize that body modifications can be as simple as tanning, dieting, or more drastic, plast ic surgery. As society develops, body modifications such as tattooing, hair color, and stretched ears areRead MoreBody Modification for Cultural Adaptation? Essay1277 Words   |  6 PagesHow should I look like to have the ideal body? An increasing number of women ask themselves this question many times in their lives. Deborah Sullivan’s essay, â€Å"Social Bodies: Tightening the Bonds of Beauty†, discloses the different cultural traditions that require various methods of body modifications. Women should undergo such modifications to obtain social acceptance. Similarly, â€Å"Pressures to Conform† by Celia Milne discusses the effects of media and society on women, and how women view their physicalRead MoreBody Modifications Are An Example Of External Cues1533 Words   |  7 Pagesand/or lifestyle. Body modifications are an example of external cues that are associated with a wide range of psychological judgments, specifically tattoos and piercings. As tattoos and piercings have become increasingly commonplace, the perception of this particular type of self-expression has gradually changed from very negative to a more positive perception. Despite this, I believe that many people still mentally hold on to the association between deviance and body modifications, even though peopleRead MoreIdeal Body Types in Hong Kong Essay1541 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Topic: What are the ideal body types for men and women in Hong Kong society? In what ways are these body types perpetuated through mass media, technology, and medicine? According to Bartky (1999), is body modification a form of self-empowerment or self-punishment? Introduction Human body is one of the elements used to assess the attractiveness of a person. Since the aesthetics theory varies in different countries and regions due to different history and cultural background, the descriptionRead MoreFreedom of Self- Expression: Tattoos and Body Piercings at 16 Should be Permitted1232 Words   |  5 Pageschildren should have permission to get tattoos and body piercings. I believe that teens should have the authority to get them on our own. The current Texas law states that any person under the age of 18 must have parental permission before getting a tattoo or any body piercing. Identification is required to verify the persons age. I feel that by the age of 16, any student should have the authority to express themselves in a way such as tattoos and body piercings. There are various aspects throughRead MoreBody Piercings And Its Impact On Society1665 Words   |  7 PagesCaesar. As body piercings become increasingly popular in modern culture, it has brought many researchers to the realization that this trend is a tragic insight into an individual’s psyche as well as their physical being and opportunities in the workplace even though it’s seen as a way to express one’s self. Socially and economically, body piercings, among other forms of body modifications, have not only benefited individuals but may also be quickly destroying them. Historically, body piercings haveRead MoreIncredible Scientifical Advancments in the Movie Gattaca 640 Words   |  3 Pagesgenetically based society in a scientifically advance world that twirls around the main idea and concept about genetic engineering to produce flawless genetics for a parent’s child. This main focus is shown upon Anton and his brother Vincent. Vincent, being the first born between Anton and him, gave the doctors an idea of what is going to happen in the future for Vincent based off of genetics and also gives parents the opportunity to make a flawless child base off of Vincent’s DNA as this society wants onlyRead MorePros And Cons Of Genetically Modified Food1421 Words   |  6 PagesFood, we need it to survive and thrive. Food is our source of nutrition and energy. When we consume food and water, our body breaks food down into tiny particles and sends the nutrients throughout our bodies through blood. This is called digestion. According to science , nutrients are one of the four requirements of life for all human beings. Every day, we are faced with choices about our foods. Do we eat fast food, healthy, organic or non-organic? Should we eat genetically modified foods and howRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmos )1405 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieve that organic practices provide the best quality food. Others consider genetic modification to be the most beneficial by allowing farmers to produce more crops with the same amount or even less space. The fact is, Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) are in almost everything we consume. They benefit our society by providing more food, while using less energy and less space to do so. Genetic modification has been practiced for thousands of years, but most know it as selective breeding. ThisRead MoreBody Mods Are Civil Disobedience Essay752 Words   |  4 Pagesadopt the â€Å"natural look† and dont adorn our skin at all, we are making a social statement. Our skin talks even when we dont; it is not a neutral canvas.† (Jablonski, 164) â€Å"Body art represents, among other things, a sustained effort to reverse the dematerialization of art by making the body matter.† (Taylor, 111) Body painting was likely the first way in which the human animal adorned itself and attempted to express its individual status amongst the species. Long before the tools were invented

Women and Depression Understanding the Gender Gap Free Essays

Depression, if gets too severe becomes bad for a person. It not only affects the person himself but it also affects that person’s family also affecting his work or school as well as personal life and his sleeping and eating habits as well. Depression also affects the well being of a person in a way that it leads to chronic medical conditions like diabetics. We will write a custom essay sample on Women and Depression: Understanding the Gender Gap or any similar topic only for you Order Now Women usually think that they can work through a depression on their own, knowing this fact that they suffer from depression more frequently than men do. They may get the wrong idea that the low risk related with medication management of depression, they may also believe that since they are smart diligent people an analyst or psychologist will be of no aid; these wrong beliefs are, regrettably very common. Sometimes medications for depression may have irritating side effects, such as insomnia, agitation, or sleepiness, but grave effects are very odd. Women with a true depression are suffering, such inconvenient, non-life intimidating side effects, which may diminish soon, nevertheless, are likely to be much more bearable than untreated depression for a lot of women. Repeatedly studies have revealed that either counseling or medication therapy, or both mutually, are really useful in securely relieving depression in both men and women. Biological factors behind depression for women There come into view to be significant links between mood changes and reproductive health events, gender differences in toll of depression emerge when females go through puberty and stay high throughout the childbearing years and into late middle period. Hormonal factors appear to play a function in some of the mood disturbance practiced by women, twenty to forty percent of menstruating women practice premenstrual temper and behavioral changes. Approximately two to ten percent of women experience Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder, as several as ten to fifteen percent of women experience a clinical depression throughout pregnancy or subsequent to the birth of a baby. There also come into view to be an increase in depression during the perimenopausal period. An additional biological issue that may add to gender differences in depression can be connected to circadian rhythm patterns, the complex structure that regulates sleep and action over each 24-hour period. Depressed women report more hypersomnia (too much sleeping) than do men. The role of premenstrual factors in depression Hormonal fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle can cause the common symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), for instance irritability, fatigue, bloating and emotional reactivity. For most of the women, PMS is easygoing, but for a number of women, symptoms are harsh enough to upset their lives and a diagnosis of premenstrual dysphoric chaos (PMDD) is made. Though the precise relation among depression and premenstrual syndrome remains vague, some examines say that cyclical modifications in progesterone, estrogen and additional hormones can upset the role of brain chemicals for instance serotonin that manage mood. Still, since such hormonal changes take place in the majority of women, but not all women build up depression, hormonal changes can’t be the merely reason of depression in women. Genetic predisposition or other issues also can manipulate the development of depression. Postpartum depression Depression subsequent to childbirth is known as postpartum depression, hormonal changes may activate symptoms of postpartum depression, while a woman is pregnant, stages of the female hormones estrogen and progesterone boosts greatly. In the initial 24 hours following childbirth, hormone levels rapidly return to standard. Researchers believe the huge change in hormone levels may direct to depression. Levels of thyroid hormones can also fall after giving birth, which causes symptoms of depression. Role of perimenopause and menopause in a woman’s depression Perimenopause is the middle period earlier than menopause, which is marked by a twelve month’s termination of a woman’s menstrual cycle, throughout perimenopause, hormones change radically and few women feel an alteration in mood, anxiety and depression. Throughout this phase of transition, women start thinking about their achievements up to this point, women frequently view this time as a turning end, not only are perimenopausa l women examining their life thus far, they are practicing hormonal changes that are influencing them physically. Negative and positive role of social and cultural factors in a woman’s depression Role strain – Women frequently undergo role strain over contradictory and irresistible responsibilities in their life, the additional roles a woman is expected to play (mother, wife, working woman), the extra vulnerable she is to role strain and following stress and depression. Research specifies that single mothers are three times more probable than married mothers to practice an episode of main depression. Costello, 1993). Unequal power and status – Women’s comparative lack of power and position in society may direct to feelings of helplessness, this sense of helplessness puts women at larger risk for depression, and these feelings may be aggravated by discrimination in the place of work leading to underemployment or being without a job. An additional causal factor is society’s importance on youth, beauty, and thinness in women, traits which to a great level are out of their control. Sexual and physical abuse – Women are a lot more likely to be sexually abused than men, and researchers have found that sexual abuse in childhood puts one at enlarged risk for depression in maturity. Higher rates of depression are also found among sufferers of rape. Poverty – Poverty is more general among women than men, single mothers have the uppermost rates of poverty transversely all demographic groups. Poverty is a harsh, chronic stressor than can direct to depression. The positive affects of depression are that when the women have to live with less, they eventually learn to live with it and when they do not have a job, they will have more free time to spend with the family and friends. Moreover, it is good as it always gives way to struggle and makes art and music better. How does one go about getting treatment? Make healthy lifestyle changes Lifestyle alterations are never easy to make, but if altered can have a big impact on depression, self-help strategies that can be very effectual comprise: ? develop helpful relationships ? regular exercise and sufficient sleep Healthy, mood-boosting diet ? Stress management and practice relaxation methods ? confront negative thought patterns Seek professional help Professional help contains some form of therapy that gives tools to handle depression from a diversity of angles, a number of therapies teach practical techniques on how to reframe negative thoughts and employ behavioral abilities in fighting depre ssion can also assist working out through the origin of depression, helping understand why he or she feels a certain way, what triggers are for depression, and what he or she can do to stay healthy. Do you think women are more likely to seek out treatment? Why or why not? Women, first and foremost wives and daughters, provide the bulk of care giving, specifically in the United States, about 12 million women practice depression each year, at about twice the pace of men. A recent study found that many women do not look for treatment for depression since they are embarrassed or in refutation about being depressed, in fact, forty one percent of women reviewed cited embarrassment or disgrace as obstruction to treatment. What do you think it means to be a woman? Being female has nothing to act with being lesser or second class; it has to do with execution in a God-ordained role, from the commencement, God tells us that women, like men, were formed in His image and likeness, but as both sexes are equivalent in significance and potential, their roles are very diverse. That’s the reason why men and women think and act in a different way and that is why they look unlike. â€Å"It is not fine that the man should be unaccompanied; I will make him a help meet for him†. Manonly was not an entire creation, he needed aid, so God gave him a helpmeet, one who would execute the contrary role – so that united together the two might turn into one complete flesh. How to cite Women and Depression: Understanding the Gender Gap, Papers

Unequal income distribution in USA Essay Example For Students

Unequal income distribution in USA Essay Unequal Income Distribution in the U.S.A. In recent years, increasing inequality in the distribution of income has been a subject of considerable public concern, political attention, and academic research. Income inequality is a measure of how equally the income pie is divided among all members of society. The relative income, or gauge, can be defined how well the poor are doing economically compared to the rich. In other words inequality is a measure of how equally the income pie is divided among all members of society. According to Paul Ryscavage in Income Inequality in America, income is influenced by several social, economic, and demographic factors. Occupation, industry of employment and source of income represent the economic factors. The main social factors are household composition, education level, and education quality. Finally, age, sex, and race compose the demographic factors (15). Socio-economic diversity can be a clean representation of how well income is distributed among social groups. In an ideal society th e majority of households should have incomes above the cost of basic needs to create a well-balanced economy.Therefore, the foundation of economic success is based largely on this distribution providing a strong middle class that can support the economy and no extreme income gap between rich and poor guarantees economic stability. On the other hand inequitable income distribution may not only lead to economic problems, but also social problems. In Created Unequal, Peter Galbraith believes that income distribution analysis shows that the gap widens more and more between social groups and creates problems (3). These problems can damage the developing process of a society, thus finding solutions to create a well-balanced income distribution is essential for present governments. We will write a custom essay on Unequal income distribution in USA specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Through the historical review of the background of the issue of income distribution one can present possible solutions to help maintain good economic development and stable society. The solutions presented are the reform of welfare system, progressive taxation and an increase in minimal wages. John Borland points out in Fear of Falling that the income gap has been steadily increasing since the postwar era. Currently the income inequality is at its highest level ever (1). US Bureau of Census indicates that an increase of 4.7 % of the total income allocated at the top 5 %, while the lowest quintile had a decrease of 1.2% of the total income held between 1970 and 1996 (473). Fig 1. U.S. Distribution of Income in 1997; rpt. in Rector and Hederman (2). It is evident from the above graph that the most current data shows that top quintile holds 49.4% of the total income in the U.S.A. while the bottom quintile holds only 3.6%. The graph is somewhat misleading because the bottom and the top quintiles do not really represent the 20% of the population. Through research Rector and Hederman in Income Inequality: How Census Data Misrepresent income distribution state that Indeed, in reality the top Census quintile contains not 20 percent of the population but 24.3 percent, while the bottom quintile contains only 14.8 percent of the population (4-5). The historical overview of income distribution from 1945 until today could be divided into three distinct periods: 1945-73, 1973-81, and 1981-89. The first period represents what is called the good years, the great postwar boom generations. This period, from 1945-73 shows what real, broad-based prosperity looks like. On e of the main reasons why income distribution decently increased for middle class during this period was the reconstruction of US after WW II, and rapid and constant economical growth. The employment rate reached peak during this period, where well educated people, high school and up, were earning very good wages. The government was keeping interest rates very low, and that encouraged many corporations and private businesses to invest money and strengthen the economy that way (Galbraith 10). William Niskaken indicates in Reaganomics: An Insiders Account of the Policies and the People that the second period, between 1973-79, showed a major slow down in income growth as the economy was battered by slow productivity growth and oil shocks (7). Basically the 1973 oil shock was the confluence of independent political and economic factors. Finally, a new pattern emerged after 1981: generally slower income growth, but in particular, a strong tilt in the growth pattern, with incomes rising much faster at the top end of the distribution than in the middle, and actually declining at the bottom. All these changes in economy did not happen by accident. As we know, this period is symbolized by Reagans presidency, so its called Reaganomics. Reagan proposed a recovery plan including budget reform plan, tax cuts, regulatory relief and currency stabilization program (Niskaken 4). Beside the fact that Reagans economical policy had significant influence on inflation, economical growth and d efense development, lower classes were the ones that paid the cost. The upper class benefited the most from the political tools used by Reagan, separating itself even more from the neglected lower class (Niskanen 265). .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c , .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c .postImageUrl , .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c , .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c:hover , .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c:visited , .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c:active { border:0!important; } .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c:active , .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ude254f38007d7986b1cc407c72ca0d0c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Proposing A Solution EssayThere are many possible solutions for the income distribution problem that would change current situation and hopefully improve living standards of lower class. Currently, income distribution in the United States is really unequal, and what government is doing is not enough to make descent changes that would improve standard of living of the lower classes. Three main solutions that are proposed nowadays are reformation of welfare programs, progressive taxation, and increase of minimum wages. Welfare is one of the tools used to help out the lower class. Bill Clinton, during his presidency made descent increases for this fund, but that does not seem to help at all. In Money: Who Has How Much And Why, Andrew Hacker reports that poor, which are receivers of welfare, are mainly families with single mothers, single women and city dwellers (62). Therefore, welfare should be targeted toward those three groups. Some people might argue that the recipients of welfare are never going to make any progress in society. Ryscavage believes that providing welfare to the poor creates a vicious cycle where recipients become so dependant of welfare they are never going to make it on their own (109). Welfare provides help for the poor to survive but not to bring them out from poverty. In order to achieve that welfare needs to be restructured. The main plan for welfare reconstruction comes from the proposal of welfare privatization. Joel Nelson illustrates in Post-Industrial Capitalism that privatization of welfare would cut the cost of welfare allowing the business to grow more easily (138). Privatization of welfare would increase the efficiency of welfare because of rules of free market. The two main forces of free market, competition and bidding, serve to reduce cost and to increase flexibility, at least in comparison with somewhat lengthy bureaucratic processes common to governmental institutions. Ryscavage shows that increased spending on the welfare has a direct effect of on income distribution (176-177). Privatization is seen as an efficient response to the problems of supplying welfare services at a cost consistent with consumer demand solving the fiscal difficulties of the welfare state. The issue that arises with privatization of welfare is giving control to profit-driven market. The government is not going to al low that in near future so the problem of unequal income distribution calls for solution that can be used immediately. In order to deal with income inequality government has been using progressive taxation and targeted tax cuts. Progressive taxation is way of taxing people depending on their income level, where increase in tax percentage withdrawn from their incomes is made according to the amount of their wages and salaries. The goal of progressive taxation is to reduce the income gap between rich and poor by reducing taxes for the lower class. Borland explains that boundaries of social classes are really hard to define (2). Therefore progressive taxation may not fulfill the needs of some families/individuals on the boundary of low and middle class. Several steps may be undertaken by the government to make progressive taxation more efficient. Through various examples Hacker shows that putting a ceiling on the income can balance the income distribution very effectively. Putting a ceiling means limiting the maximum income of a family/individual and distributing the excess amount earned over the programs and services used to help the lower class (55-56). This method of progressive taxation is very effective but it would create turmoil in the upper class. Another way of affecting the income distribution is through tax cuts for businesses. By reducing the amount of money taken for taxes, businesses have more capital left over for future investment. According to Niskaken more capital would result in growth of the business, generating more jobs. Therefore, more people would be able to generate income (54). .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810 , .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810 .postImageUrl , .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810 , .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810:hover , .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810:visited , .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810:active { border:0!important; } .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810:active , .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810 .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub72bb422875d07db99e59cc6bdef4810:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The dress code EssayMinimum wages reflect the income level of the lower class. Galbraith claims the increase in the minimum wages would reduce the income gap between rich and poor (145). Solution of increase of wages for working class could be understood as a chain reaction, where one step would pull another. First step would be to increase wages for lower working class. This approach would cause direct increase in the purchasing power of this class. The purchasing power would allow the lower working class buying more goods and services, which would directly increase the economic growth. Government has already taken steps in increasing the minimum wages but Hacker and Ferguson agree that minimum wage is still too low to generate income above the poverty line (230; 5). Wages have a major impact on income distribution. Economists and politicians acknowledge the fact that low wages increase the poverty. Ryscavage explains that in order to defeat the poverty, government has to increase the minimum wage (88). The involvement of government is essential because of the competitive market. Corporations have to cut down in production costs and usually pay the minimum for labor and never take the initiative to increase the wages on their own. Unequal income distribution has been present in the American society for a long time creating social and economic problems. In order to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor in the U.S.A., some radical changes have to be done with minimum wages, taxation methods and welfare programs. First of all, it is very important to increase salaries for lower class workers. Second thing would be to make changes in progressive taxation, where richer people would pay more taxes, and lower classes would have descent decrease in amount that they are supposed to pay. Third solution is increase in welfare funds, where government would make lives of lower class people much easier. As I can conclude, there is no one solution that would work the best. In order to make income distribution shift, the best thing to do is to integrate these three methods together and come out with perfect solution for this problem. Bibliography:Works CitedBorland, John. Fear of Falling. California Journal pp. 16+ Aug . 1996. SIRS Researcher. Bluffton College. 28 Feb. 2000 . Ferguson, Brian. Income Inequality and Educational Inequity. Galbraith, James K. Created Unequal: The Crisis in American Pay. New York, The FreePress, 1998. Hacker, Andrew Money: Who Has How Much and Why. New York, SCRIBNER, 1997. Kolko, Gabriel. Wealth and power in America ; an analysis of social class and incomedistribution. New York, Praeger, 1962. Nelson, Joel L. Post-Industrial Capitalism: Exploring Economic Inequality in America. Thousand Oaks, SAGE Publications Inc., 1995Niskaken , William A. Reaganomics: An Insiders Account of the Policies and thePeople. New York, Oxford University Press Inc., 1988. Rector, Robert and Hederman, Rea. Income Inequality: How Census Data Misrepresent Income Distribution. 29 Sept. 1999. Online Posting. The HeritageCenter for Data Analysis. No. 99-07. 12 Nov. 2000Ryscavage, Paul. Income Inequality in America: An Analysis of Trends. Armonk, M.E. Sharpe, Inc. 1999. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1998 (118thedition). Washigton, DC, 1998.